There are more than 120 types of HPV known in medicine, which are classified according to different approaches. There is a summary table of the main types of the virus compiled based on the results of extensive screening studies:
Symptoms |
A kind of |
Skin: |
|
Plantar warts |
1, 2, 4 |
Common warts |
2, 4, 26, 27, 29, 57 |
Flat warts |
3, 10, 28, 49 |
Butcher warts |
7th |
Epidermodysplasia Wart |
5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 19, 36 |
Non-wart skin lesions |
37, 38 |
Genital mucous membranes: |
|
Genital warts |
6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 54 |
Non-condylomatous lesions |
6, 11, 16, 18, 30, 31, 33, 34, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 51, 52, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 61, 64, 67, 68, 69, 70 |
carcinoma |
16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 54, 56, 66, 68 |
Lesions of the mucous membranes, not the genitals: |
|
Larynx papilloma |
6, 11, 30 |
Throat cancer, tongue |
2, 6, 11, 16, 18, 30 |
All neoplasms are divided according to oncological risk, location and form of skin growth.
- Localization of infection: Alpha - affects the mucous membranes of the genital organs in men and women, manifested by condylomas. Beta - affects the surface layers of the epidermis, manifests itself on the surface layers of the epidermis with classic warts.
- The genotype of the virus determines its oncogenic potential, that is, the ability to cause oncological degeneration of infected tissues. Genotyping distinguishes these types of infection by the risk of oncogenicity: low risk - 6, 11, 42, 43, 44, 53, 54, 55. Intermediate level - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66 higherRice - 16, 18, 45, 56.
- Forms of skin neoplasms. Papillomas are divided into five main categories. Simple ones are the most common type of growth. During development, a keratinized tubercle of warm color forms. Warts are localized on the skin both alone and in groups. Most often they appear on the inside and outside of the hand, in the lower part of the face (lips, chin). There are also plantar growths. Flat - are dark in color and appear as small lumps on the skin. As a rule, they appear in the upper part of the body, less often on the genitals. Very often in adolescence they make themselves felt with an immune system failure that occurs in the neck and arms. Pointed condylomas affect the mucous membranes and belong to the category of oncogenic risk. Filiform - acrochord, or senile papillomas, occur in middle-aged and elderly people. Internal birthmarks - localized on the internal organs. This category includes condylomas on the walls of the stomach and rectum, growths in the mouth and bladder.
The method of diagnosis, treatment, and prevention depends on the type of neoplasm that is detected.
High risk human papillomavirus
HPV is one of the most common viruses. Most often, infection occurs through sexual and household contact. For many years the virus can remain inactive and not manifest itself. It can be activated by various factors, such as a weakened immune system or chronic diseases.
High risk human papillomaviruses are particularly dangerous. This category includes:
- Average oncogenicity - 30, 31, 33, 35, 39, 51, 52, 58, 66
- High carcinogenicity - 16, 18, 45, 56, 59, 68.
Oncogenic human papillomavirus
Carcinogenic HPV is a serious hazard, viruses that can cause malignant degeneration of healthy cells. The risk group includes the following genotypes: 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 68, 56, 58, 39, 70. They significantly increase the likelihood of developing diseases of the genitals, uterus, anus and urethra.
Oncogenic viruses manifest in genital warts. Their appearance is a signal for the search for medical help and the removal of neoplasms.
Human papillomavirus 1
This infectious agent leads to the development of heels and warts. Very often with this papillomavirus, deep lesions appear on the feet, causing discomfort and pain to the wearer. Bumps can form on the back of the hand and chin. In some cases, they appear on the eyelids, scalp, fingers, and toes.
This type of virus has low oncogenicity. At the same time, it is impossible to completely remove it from the body. Modern drugs can temporarily stop their activity. Treatment is aimed at eliminating aesthetic problems, that is, removing growths. In the future, therapy will be carried out to strengthen the defenses of the immune system. It is mandatory to prescribe drugs that inhibit papillomatosis.
Human papillomavirus 4
Another common form of the viral disease. Manifested by heel and warts. As the growths develop, they darken and develop a rough surface. In some cases, smaller formations form around a large wart.
Patients complain of itching, burning, and pain in the affected area. HPV 4 also promotes the development of calluses and calluses on the soles of the feet.
This genotype does not pose a risk of malignant transformation. For treatment, surgical removal of growths is used with further immunotherapy of the patient.
Human papillomavirus 5
Responsible for developing various types of growth. Most often, papillomavirus 5 leads to the appearance of a wart or verrukiform epidermodysplasia. The disease is rare and manifests itself as a large cluster of warts. The pathological condition develops in adolescence and continues throughout life. According to statistics, women get sick more often than men.
Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EVL) is essentially a unique predisposition of the epidermis to papillomavirus infection. In this case, HPV 5 has a high carcinogenicity, ie the risk of degeneration of the skin changes into a squamous cell carcinoma.
Typical symptoms of epidermodysplasia:
- Small wart growths that fuse into large lesions as they grow.
- Rashes appear on the face, back, neck, stomach, and even buttocks.
- If the skin is damaged, linear wart structures will appear at the site of the wound.
- The growths on the body and limbs are larger and denser than on the face and neck.
Human papillomavirus 6
The sixth type of HPV is diagnosed in middle-aged and elderly people. The neoplasms are pink or flesh-colored and resemble cauliflower in shape. This type of papillomavirus belongs to the group of infections with low oncogenicity and increases the risk of such pathologies:
- Genital warts (condylomas).
- Larynx papillomatosis.
- Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
- Conjunctival papillomas.
Treatment consists of antiviral and restorative therapy as well as surgical removal of the neoplasm. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures: personal hygiene, balanced diet, increased immunity.
Human papillomavirus 7
As a result of an HPV 7 infection, so-called butcher's warts appear on the skin. They are painless, light brown growths that are most often localized on the elbows and shoulders.
Butcher warts occur in people who have frequent contact with raw meat. The infection enters the skin through smaller lesions. The growths appear on the elbows and hands in bulging, painless formations.
Human papillomavirus 11
Papillomavirus type 11 is most commonly diagnosed in women and manifests as genital warts. The pathological process affects the skin and mucous membranes. This HPV has a low carcinogenicity, ie it is not prone to malignant transformation.
Men and women who are sexually active and who frequently switch sexual partners are at risk of this disease. Infection can occur with other genital infections. When infected with genome 11, the pathogen is incorporated into the human chromosome set and infects the carrier's daughter cells.
The main symptoms of the disease are:
- Single or multiple rashes.
- Growth in women occurs on the labia, cervix, clitoris, and urethra.
- In men, neoplasms appear on the head and body of the penis, scrotum, and frenum.
- Papillomas have neighboring locations in both sexes: anus, perineum, oropharynx, bladder, perianal region.
Diagnosis is carried out depending on the type of casting structures and is not difficult. It is impossible to completely destroy the virus, but there are a number of therapeutic methods that can suppress its activity. Special drugs are used for this. Cryodestructive methods, laser therapy, and other surgical techniques are used to remove lesions on the skin.
Prevention of HPV 11 infection relies on using barrier contraception methods to prevent infection during sexual intercourse. It is also recommended to strengthen the immune system to improve its protective properties.
Human papillomavirus 12
Under the action of certain factors, HPV 12 can manifest as verrukiform or wart epidermysplasia. This pathological condition is also known as Lewandowski-Lutz disease. It refers to a genetic disorder.
Papillomavirus 12 requires a comprehensive diagnosis. This is due to the fact that the disease it causes can lead to serious dermatological defects and serious complications. Transformation of the affected tissue into a squamous cell carcinoma is observed in ¼ of the patients.
Human papillomavirus 16
One of the most common papillomavirus diagnosed in 60% of people is HPV 16 (human papillomavirus). This type of infection is oncogenic and leads to the following pathologies:
- Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
- Carcinoma of the genitals.
- Throat cancer, tongue.
Once infected, the virus is incorporated into the DNA regions of healthy cells, thereby disrupting the body's natural anti-tumor immunity. According to statistics, in 42% of cases, the 16th genotype is the main cause of cervical cancer.
Human papillomavirus 18
One of the most common urogenital viral infections is papillomatosis. Type 18 of this infection is associated with diseases such as HPV 16: cervical dysplasia, cervical cancer. It has high oncogenicity. Embedding in the human genome leads to the growth of benign growths that gradually degenerate into cancer. HPV 18 is detected in 70% of cases in women with uterine cancer.
Treatment is prescribed only after a comprehensive diagnosis and determination of the likelihood of malignancy of neoplasms. Therapy consists of surgical removal of growths, 2-3 courses of antiviral and immunostimulating drugs. At the same time, it should be borne in mind that today there are no drugs that completely neutralize the 18th genotype of the papillomavirus.
Human papillomavirus 21
Another type of infection that causes Epidermodysplasia verruciformis is HPV 21. It also belongs to viruses with low carcinogenicity. Most often it manifests as anogenital warts and laryngeal papillomatosis.
Since the infection does not penetrate the bloodstream, but only affects the skin, scratches from the epidermis and swabs from the mucous membranes are used for diagnosis. Complex treatment to eliminate skin defects and strengthen the immune system.
Human Papillomavirus 31
To date, more than a hundred papilloma viruses are known, including oncogenic, that is, those that can provoke malignant processes in the body. HPV 31 refers to an infection with moderate carcinogenicity that, under the influence of certain factors, leads to oncological lesions.
31 genotypes are associated with the following diseases:
- Neoplasia of 2 and 3 degrees of severity.
- Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
- Penile cancer.
- Anal cancer.
- Cancer of the oral cavity and larynx.
- Bowen's disease.
- Keira erythroplasia.
- Dental complications.
Infection occurs most often during unprotected sexual intercourse and poses the same danger for women and men. Infection is possible when the virus comes into contact with an open wound or during childbirth, ie during transmission from mother to child.
Human papillomavirus 33
HPV of this type is most often diagnosed in women, as it contributes to the development of such diseases:
- Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
- Genital cancer.
- Cervical dysplasia.
- Cervical cancer.
The pathological condition is considered anthroponic, infection occurs only between people. 2-4 months after HPV 33 enters the body, genital warts begin to form on the genitals with accompanying painful symptoms.
Human papillomavirus 35
Infection with this HPV is dangerous due to the development of malignant processes in the body. Type 35 is diagnosed in both men and women, but only causes serious problems in the latter.
The infection manifests itself in condylomatous lesions of the perineum, external genitals, anus and oral cavity (root of the tongue, inner part of the cheek). Infection can lead to the development of dysplasia and cancerous processes of the cervix.
It is not that easy to cure HPV 35, so special attention is paid to preventive measures: protected sex, a healthy lifestyle, strengthening the immune system and much more. In the case of infection, treatment consists of a series of techniques aimed at eliminating skin defects and suppressing the activity of papillomatosis.
Human papillomavirus 39
This genotype poses a serious danger and threat to life as it contributes to the degeneration of healthy tissues into malignant tissues. Women are most sensitive to HPV 39 as it causes damage to the internal genital organs. Infection can cause dysplasia and cervical cancer.
The infection may not manifest itself in any way for an extended period of time, feed on healthy tissue, and grow in size.
- External symptoms of infection are skin growth on the inner walls of the vagina, mucous membranes of the cervical canal in the cervical area.
- More rarely, condylomas form on the external genitalia, as well as at the exit of the urethra or near the anus.
- Neoplasms appear as single and multiple growths that outwardly resemble cauliflower.
Human papillomavirus 44
From an oncological point of view, HPV type 44 poses no danger. In this case, an infection with this infection manifests itself through genital warts and genital warts on the cervix and other important organs.
Treatment of skin growth is carried out to eliminate aesthetic discomfort, that is, neoplasms are removed. In addition, all patients are prescribed treatment with antiviral drugs and immunostimulants to suppress papillomatous infection of the body.
Human papillomavirus 45
Another representative of the group of oncogenic papilloma viruses with a high risk of degeneration is type 45. The infection is characterized by the following manifestations:
- Genital warts.
- Bowenoid papulosis.
- Genital warts.
- Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
The infection occurs during unprotected sexual intercourse. A man carries the virus although he may not know about it. In women, the infection manifests as wart growth on the genitals. The pathology is very dangerous for the female body and requires serious treatment. It can take more than 20 years from time of infection to develop a malignant tumor caused by HPV 45.
As part of the diagnosis, PCR, oxygen test, caloscopy, biopsy and cytological studies are carried out to identify the pathogenic genotype. Treatment depends on what stage the disease is at.
Human papillomavirus 51
This type of HPV belongs to anogenital infections with moderate oncogenic risk. The infection occurs primarily through sexual contact and can lead to the following problems:
- Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
- Oncological lesions of the anus, vulva, or vagina in women.
- Malignant neoplasms in the anus and penis in men.
- Genital warts.
- Buschke-Levenshtein giant condyloma.
To diagnose HPV, 51 patients must have a genitourinary smear. With its help, clinical confirmation of the presence of infection in the body, genotyping and assessment of the risk of malignancy are carried out.
There are no specially formulated drugs to treat this type of infection. The therapy aims to prevent malignant transformations and to mobilize the body's own anti-tumor immunity.
Human papillomavirus 52
According to medical statistics, HPV 52 is identified in 70% of cases in women over 35 years of age. The infection is most common during unprotected sex. The painful condition is associated with the following pathologies:
- Genital warts and genital warts.
- Colon cancer in men.
- Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
It is impossible to completely cure the virus, but with early diagnosis and appropriate therapy, cells can be protected from destruction and malignancy. For this, the surgical removal of growths, antiviral therapy and the use of drugs to strengthen the immune system are carried out.
Human papillomavirus 53
HPV 53 infection is possible through contact with the mucous membranes or skin cells of an infected person. This genotype has low carcinogenicity and therefore does not pose a risk of malignant transformation.
Once infected, the virus can remain inactive for a long period of time. The action of various factors, for example a weakening of the protective properties of the immune system, leads to its activation. Because of this, the cells of the epidermis begin to actively divide, forming wart neoplasms and genital warts.
Treatment for papillomavirus type 53 boils down to removing skin growth, taking antiviral drugs, and strengthening immunity.
Human papillomavirus 56
One of the types of infection with human papillomavirus is HPV 56. This type is characterized by high oncogenicity and is associated with the following pathologies:
- Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
- Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
- Carcinoma of the mucous membranes of the genitals.
The virus is dangerous to both women and men and causes genital warts and other neoplasms. Infection penetrates the body through the mucous membranes during unprotected sex or with open wound damage to the epidermis.
HPV 56 requires complex treatment. Therapy consists of taking antiviral drugs, surgically removing the growth, and strengthening the immune system. Particular attention is paid to preventive measures to protect the body from infection.
Human papillomavirus 58
The viral causative agent from the category of average risk of malignant transformation is type 58. The infection belongs to the alpha group, that is, it contributes to the appearance of such pathologies:
- Non-condylomatous genital lesions.
- Condylomas of the inner surface of the anus.
- Dysplasia and cervical cancer.
After being introduced into the body, small growths with a dense and soft structure develop. Depending on the location, they can be light pink or brown. This genotype very often manifests itself in the neck, armpits, intestines, external and internal genital organs, and in the bladder.
The risk of infection is based on the latent course of the infection process. Because the pathogen can rest for a long period of time. Timely diagnosis and an integrated approach to treatment can prevent complications of the human papillomavirus type 58.
Human papillomavirus 59
The HPV 59 genotype refers to oncogenic viruses. Under the influence of certain factors, it can damage the tissues of the cervix and uterine epithelium and cause cancer. An infection with this pathogen occurs with unprotected anal or vaginal contact, less often with oral sex.
Often times, the infection does not manifest itself for a long time. However, the appearance of skin growth and warts indicates its activation. Genital warts form on the external genital organs and their mucous membranes.
To diagnose a painful condition, an analysis of the viral DNA and PCR is done. Treatment consists of taking antiviral drugs to suppress the infection.
Human papillomavirus 66
Very often the appearance of warts and papillomas on the body is associated with an infection with the papillomavirus type 66. In this case, the most inappropriately localized skin growth is: armpits, perianal and periorbital regions, perineum, mucous membranes of the genitals.
Typically, the infection rests for a long period of time after infection. But under the action of certain factors it is activated. These factors include:
- Weakening of the defenses of the immune system.
- Imbalanced diet.
- Bad habits.
- Frequent changes of sexual partners and unprotected intercourse.
- Failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene.
- Frequent abortions and more.
Treatment for HPV 66 aims to remove skin growth and eliminate factors that cause infection to spread. Antiviral therapy and vitamins increase immunity. Preventive measures include vaccinations, timely treatment of diseases, and a healthy lifestyle.
Human papillomavirus 67
According to the studies carried out, type 67 HPV belongs to viruses with an average status of oncological degeneration. This means that an infection with this genotype can lead to precancerous diseases under certain conditions.
The infection penetrates the mucous membranes and damaged skin. The infection manifests itself in papillomatous growths on the body. Growth can also form on the lining of the cervix.
Human papillomavirus 68
The HPV genotype has a low oncogenicity and manifests itself in skin growth in various localizations. The proliferation of defects and their frequent trauma are dangerous. At this stage, viral DNA replaces healthy cells and changes their structure. If the problem goes without medical attention, active progression of the papillomavirus type 68 can lead to carcinoma.